Testosterone (Total) Biomarker Test Guide
The Testosterone (Total) biomarker test measures the total amount of testosterone in the blood, including both free (unbound) and bound testosterone. Testosterone is a crucial sex hormone in both men and women, though it is present in higher levels in men. It plays a vital role in reproductive health, muscle mass, bone density, mood, and energy levels.
What Is the Testosterone (Total) Biomarker Test?
The Testosterone (Total) biomarker test measures the overall amount of testosterone circulating in the bloodstream. This test evaluates both:
- Free testosterone: Testosterone not bound to proteins, which is available for use by the body’s tissues.
- Bound testosterone: Testosterone attached to proteins like sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin, which is not readily available for tissue use but can be converted into free testosterone when needed.
This test is primarily used to evaluate testosterone levels in both men and women, especially when symptoms of hormonal imbalances are present.
Why Get a Testosterone (Total) Test?
A Testosterone (Total) test is often recommended for the following reasons:
- Diagnosing low or high testosterone levels: Low testosterone (hypogonadism) in men or high testosterone levels in women can lead to various symptoms and health issues.
- Monitoring hormone therapy: People receiving testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) or treatment for conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may need this test to monitor treatment effectiveness.
- Assessing fertility problems: Testosterone imbalances can affect reproductive health in both men and women, influencing sperm production, menstrual cycles, and libido.
- Investigating puberty issues: In children, this test helps evaluate early or delayed puberty.
- Identifying hormone-related disorders: The test can help diagnose conditions such as hypogonadism (low testosterone in men), androgen excess (in women), and adrenal or pituitary disorders.
Any Related Health Symptoms and Reasons to Take the Test
You might be advised to take a Testosterone (Total) test if you experience symptoms of low or high testosterone, such as:
- In men (low testosterone):
- Decreased libido or sexual function
- Erectile dysfunction
- Fatigue or low energy
- Depression or irritability
- Loss of muscle mass or strength
- Increased body fat
- In women (high testosterone):
- Excessive facial or body hair (hirsutism)
- Irregular or absent menstrual periods
- Acne or oily skin
- Deepened voice
- Male-pattern baldness or thinning hair
- In men and women:
- Fertility problems
- Reduced bone density (osteoporosis)
- Mood swings or cognitive issues
What Are the Normal Ranges for Testosterone (Total)?
Testosterone levels can vary based on factors like age, sex, and time of day. Typical ranges are:
- Men:
- Age 19–49: 264–916 ng/dL (nanograms per deciliter)
- Age 50 and older: 200–800 ng/dL
- Women:
- Age 19–49: 15–70 ng/dL
- Age 50 and older: 7–40 ng/dL
These ranges are guidelines, and testosterone levels may fluctuate throughout the day. The test is usually performed in the morning when testosterone levels are at their peak.
What Type of Health Professionals Can Use the Results?
The results of a Testosterone (Total) test can be used by various healthcare professionals, including:
- Endocrinologists: Specialists in hormone-related conditions use this test to diagnose and treat conditions like hypogonadism, PCOS, and other endocrine disorders.
- Urologists: In men, urologists may use testosterone test results to assess reproductive health and sexual function, including erectile dysfunction and low libido.
- Gynecologists: In women, gynecologists use testosterone levels to evaluate conditions like PCOS, irregular periods, and fertility issues.
- Primary care physicians: Family doctors or general practitioners may order this test to investigate symptoms of fatigue, sexual dysfunction, or fertility concerns.
- Reproductive endocrinologists: Use testosterone levels to evaluate hormonal balance in both men and women, especially when diagnosing infertility.
How to Prepare for the Test
To ensure accurate results for a Testosterone (Total) test:
- Timing matters: Testosterone levels peak in the morning, so most doctors recommend getting tested between 7:00 AM and 10:00 AM.
- Fasting: In some cases, your doctor may ask you to fast for several hours before the test, though this is usually not required.
- Medication disclosure: Let your doctor know about any medications or supplements you are taking, as some, such as corticosteroids, anticonvulsants, or hormone therapies, can affect testosterone levels.
- Avoid exercise: Intense physical activity may temporarily elevate testosterone levels, so avoid heavy workouts before testing.
How Often Should the Test Be Taken?
The frequency of Testosterone (Total) testing depends on individual circumstances:
- Initial diagnosis: If symptoms of testosterone imbalance are present, a one-time test may be performed for diagnosis.
- Monitoring hormone therapy: Patients on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) or hormone treatments may need periodic tests to monitor hormone levels and adjust treatment.
- Regular monitoring: Men over 50 or those with conditions like diabetes, obesity, or metabolic syndrome may need regular testing to monitor testosterone levels.
- Fertility evaluation: Those experiencing fertility issues may need multiple tests to track hormone fluctuations over time.
What’s the Next Step After Testing?
After receiving the results of your Testosterone (Total) test, your healthcare provider will discuss the findings and potential next steps:
- Normal levels: If testosterone levels are within the normal range, your symptoms may be due to other causes. Further testing may be recommended to investigate other potential health issues.
- Low testosterone: If levels are low, your doctor may recommend testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) or other treatments to improve symptoms. Lifestyle changes, such as weight loss or improving sleep, may also be suggested.
- High testosterone: In women, high testosterone may indicate PCOS, adrenal gland disorders, or the use of anabolic steroids. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve medication or lifestyle changes.
- Further testing: If testosterone levels are abnormal, your doctor may recommend additional tests, such as free testosterone, SHBG, or LH/FSH levels, to get a clearer picture of your hormonal health.
Top 6 Questions Related to Testosterone (Total) Tests and Results
- What does it mean if my testosterone levels are low?
- Low testosterone, or hypogonadism, can cause symptoms like fatigue, low libido, erectile dysfunction in men, and fertility problems in both men and women. Treatment options include testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) or lifestyle changes.
- What are the symptoms of high testosterone in women?
- High testosterone in women may cause hirsutism (excess facial or body hair), acne, irregular periods, and male-pattern baldness. It may be linked to conditions like PCOS or adrenal disorders.
- Can testosterone levels change throughout the day?
- Yes, testosterone levels naturally fluctuate throughout the day, peaking in the morning and declining by evening. That’s why it’s recommended to have the test done in the morning.
- Can lifestyle changes improve my testosterone levels?
- Yes, certain lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, weight loss, and improved sleep can help boost testosterone levels. Reducing stress and avoiding excessive alcohol consumption can also have a positive impact.
- What are the risks of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT)?
- While TRT can improve symptoms of low testosterone, it carries potential risks such as increased red blood cell production, blood clots, sleep apnea, and prostate enlargement. Discuss these risks with your doctor before starting therapy.
- Is low testosterone linked to other health conditions?
- Low testosterone is often associated with conditions like diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and osteoporosis. It can also impact cardiovascular health and mental well-being.
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Disclaimer: The information provided in these articles is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional before making any decisions about your health or starting any treatments.
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